[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item-254":3,"related-254":66},{"id":4,"title":5,"url":6,"summary":7,"summary_zh":8,"content":9,"source_name":10,"source_url":8,"published_at":11,"category":12,"cover_url":8,"hotness":13,"is_selected":14,"score":15,"score_detail":16,"sources":24,"tags":26,"primary_topic":34,"secondary_topics":40,"classification":41,"search_phrases":60,"slug":63,"view_count":64,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":65},254,"破解油菜抗病与优质协同改良难题——中国农科院油料所创新性创制叶高硫苷籽低硫苷油菜新种质","https:\u002F\u002Fnews.sciencenet.cn\u002Fsbhtmlnews\u002F2026\u002F8\u002F390763.shtm","中国农业科学院油料作物研究所油料作物基因组学与抗病性改良团队最新研究成功创制出叶片高硫苷、种子低硫苷的油菜新种质,化解了作物单一代谢物介导的抗性与优质长期对立的核心矛盾,相关研究成果于8月5日发布。该研究突破传统单一组织中硫苷含量调控的局限,通过精细调控硫苷生物合成的组织特异性分布,既保障叶片中足够的硫苷含量抵御病虫害侵袭,又实现种子中低硫苷以保障菜籽油品质,首次实现作物抗病性与优质性状的协同改良,为油菜绿色高效生产提供重要种质资源支撑,推动我国油菜产业从产量导向向品质+抗性双优转型升级,助力保障国家食用油供给安全。",null,"本报讯（记者刁雯蕙）近日，由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所、华大万物等多家单位组成的国际合作团队，在《分子植物》上发表观点文章，提出了植物“育种工厂”的构想，给未来农业发展提供了新思路。\n\n传统育种以自然变异和杂交重组为主，存在周期长、效率低等特点，培育一个优良品种至少需要5至10年的时间，且难以精准筛选隐性优良基因。加之天气变化导致的病害虫等不可控因素，难以满足现代高效、优质的育种需求。\n\n该文章提出了“育种工厂”的构想。“育种工厂”配备现代育种技术和环境组学技术，可在目标田间评估工作之前执行大部分的育种流程。这样的平台具备三大核心能力，一是分子育种平台集成标记辅助选择、基因组选择等技术，播种前筛选出优良品质的种子；二是加速生育体系，在人工环境下让作物“快进”生长；三是精准设计育种，根据目标产区的气候规律，在工厂内模拟筛选，预判育种在真实田间的表现。\n\n文章把“育种工厂”分为5个发展阶段：第一阶段，实现作物提前开花；第二阶段，实现从播种到成熟全周期缩短；第三阶段，引入环境组学技术，在工厂内设置不同温度、光照、水分等条件，找出环境适应基因再进行田间验证；第四阶段，引入大数据和人工智能技术，整合基因型、表型、环境数据建模，实现真正的设计育种；第五阶段，理论构想阶段，在工厂内完成作物从头到尾的合成式培育，田间的概念或将被颠覆。\n\n那么，如何推动“育种工厂”运转？研究团队提出了一套技术“组合拳”。首先进行种子无损检测，在种子播种前进行基因型鉴定，筛选出种子“优等生”；随后采用双单倍体技术，获取纯系育种；结合编辑基因、植株再生、基因型确认、表型采集、材料循环等基因编辑技术，以及调控染色体重组技术，使大田作物的年繁育世代从传统的2代提升到4至6代，大幅缩短品种选育周期。\n\n文章明确了三类适合搬进“育种工厂”的作物场景，分别是叶菜、短周期蔬菜等室内栽培作物，水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆等大田粮食作物，以及苹果树等多年生的木本植物。在成本方面，文章初步测算，一座标准“育种工厂”年运营成本约50万到85万美元，实现单世代育种约为12.5万到21.5万美元。","新华社 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17:54·[汉新闻](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.toutiao.com\u002Fc\u002Fuser\u002Ftoken\u002FMS4wLjABAAAA0nh_bxyJhGd1JuuFYa1lM6EEDi1ZmN-IxcAGJX6x3H0\u002F?source=tuwen_detail)\n\n8月4日，中国农业科学院油料作物研究所基因组学与抗病性改良团队与相关单位合作，成功创制出叶片具有超高硫苷含量、种子低硫苷含量的油菜新种质，实现了油菜硫苷含量的定向改良，为化解油菜育种中抗病与优质之间的矛盾提供了新途径。相关研究成果发表在国际权威学术期刊《分子园艺（Molecular Horticulture）》上。\n\n![Image 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