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应对气候变化——第十四届亚洲玉米大会田间考察走进简阳:400余个玉米品种同台打擂","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.farmer.com.cn\u002F2026\u002F08\u002F20\u002F991026446.html","8月16日下午,参加第十四届亚洲玉米大会的专家走进四川省农业科学院简阳玉米综合试验站,实地观摩玉米种质资源与新品种、抗逆高产技术示范、丘陵适用农机装备、玉米烘干加工中心。简阳禾丰镇西南品种与资源展示区400余个玉米品种同台打擂;平武镇夏播玉米抗逆高产技术展示区聚焦「伏旱绝收」难题;青龙镇联合村多元复合种植展示区玉米+花生、玉米+紫苏、玉米+大豆等带状复合模式,气候应对思路从「单作物抗逆」延伸至「系统抗风险」。四川2025年玉米面积2810.1万亩,单产402.5公斤\u002F亩,产量1131.1万吨。","平武镇的夏播玉米抗逆高产技术展示区，聚焦的是丘区最头疼的“伏旱绝收”难题。四川省农科院作物所刘永红团队研发的“夏玉米抗逆免耕机械化高产高效技术模式”，通过免耕贴茬早播让玉米扬花期错开伏旱高峰，搭配移动式水肥药一体机实现精准补水补肥，破解了丘区地块分散、灌溉设施不足的痛点。“去年伏旱一周，我种的五六百亩夏玉米几乎绝收；今年用了这套技术，一亩多花一百多块水肥成本，能多收六七百斤玉米，这笔账算得过来。”来自四川遂宁的种粮大户文斌的亲身经历，是技术落地最实在的注脚。\n\n产后环节同样是气候应对的重要一环。平武镇尤安村的烘干中心，正是针对丘区雨天晒粮难、霉变损耗大的痛点建设的。该中心日烘干峰值达600吨，年干燥粮食2万吨，可将玉米产后损耗降低8%，干燥品质提升10%；配套的初加工车间还能生产玉米粉、玉米糁等产品，把减灾与增值结合起来。\n\n而在青龙镇联合村的多元复合种植展示区，气候应对的思路从“单作物抗逆”延伸到“系统抗风险”。玉米+花生、玉米+紫苏、玉米+大豆等多种带状复合模式，在保障玉米产量基本稳定的前提下，通过经济作物提升亩均收益。“今年干旱，常规玉米亩产大概500公斤，比预期少了点；但套种的花生、紫苏能多收两三千块钱，整体收益还是托得住。”联合村党总支书记彭永的话，道出了丘区农户最朴素的需求：主粮稳底子，经作赚票子，多元结构才能扛住年景波动。\n\n四川省农科院经济作物研究所党委书记张小军表示，外宾在现场最关注的就是“亩收益”和“如何兼顾粮食安全与农民增收”。苏特克・纳卡萨廷副教授现场观摩后坦言，泰国也在探索通过间套作提升土地综合产出、对冲气候风险，四川在玉米带状复合种植上的品种搭配、农机适配经验，对泰国丘陵产区有很强的参考性，希望未来能在品种试验、丘区农机、再生农业技术等方面与四川开展深度合作，把中国的成熟经验落地到泰国生产一线。\n\n技术能落地，离不开长效的院地合作机制。简阳市与四川省农科院的合作已持续30年，从最初破解干旱制约，到推动种养循环，再到攻坚全程机械化，一步步把“低产田”种成“高产田”。简阳市副市长袁小强介绍，目前简阳玉米耕种收综合机械化率达73%，全市发展制种玉米2600多亩，收购价达13元\u002F公斤，村集体与农户实现双增收。“丘区搞农业不能靠天吃饭，要靠科技托底。”\n\n大会期间，共建“国际玉米小麦南方研究中心”成为各方共识。据了解，该中心由四川省农科院牵头建设，是CIMMYT南方试验站的迭代升级，预计年内完成顶层设计，2027年全面启动。未来它将以四川为枢纽，聚焦丘陵山地玉米技术、气候韧性育种、种质资源共享等方向，打造面向整个亚洲的南方玉米科创平台。\n\n从品种选育到栽培集成，从农机适配到产后减损，从单产提升到多元增收，中国尤其是四川的丘区实践，为亚洲60%分布在丘陵山区的玉米种植区提供了可借鉴的路径。刘永红表示：“应对气候变化没有一蹴而就的捷径，一茬接着一茬干，一代接着一代研，才能把气候的‘不确定性’，变成粮食安全的‘确定性’。”","中国农网\u002F农民日报 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