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gum)直接抑制病原菌生长,从而增强玉米弯孢叶斑病抗性的全新机制,为基于植物微生物组的抗病育种提供了理论依据和技术路径。研究团队通过EMS诱变群体筛选获得抗弯孢叶斑病突变材料并利用MutMap定位方法鉴定出候选基因。",null,"为解析ZmHPATR1调控微生物组介导抗病性的机制，研究团队结合代谢组和叶际微生物组等分析发现，ZmHPATR1功能缺失能够重塑玉米叶片代谢状态，促进富马酸、叶酸和四氢叶酸等关键有机酸积累，这些有机酸可特异性招募有益细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌定殖富集；从富集叶际分离鉴定的鞘氨醇单胞菌可显著抑制新月弯孢菌，分析发现鞘氨醇单胞菌产生的胞外多糖威兰胶可直接抑制病原菌生长、孢子萌发，破坏病原菌细胞结构，从而增强玉米弯孢叶斑病抗性，构建了“植物基因—代谢物—微生物—病原菌”的四级抗病调控网络（图2）。进一步研究证实ZmHPATR1功能缺失突变体也可增强玉米对小斑病抗性。同时，鞘氨醇单胞菌与威兰胶对玉米小斑病菌（Bipolaris maydis）、玉米大斑病菌（Exserohilum turcicum）、玉米茎基腐病菌（Fusarium verticillioides）等病原真菌均具有显著的拮抗抑制效果，显示其广谱抗病应用潜力。","安徽省农业科学院 生物育种安徽省实验室 2026年8月3日","2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","报道",10,false,80,{"impact":17,"substance":18,"depth":19,"authority":20,"freshness":21,"relevant":22,"comment":23},22,24,20,12,2,1,"揭示植物基因-代谢物-微生物-病原菌四级调控网络，为抗病育种提供新路径，但发布已超两周，时效性低。",[25],{"name":10,"url":6},[27,28,29,30,31,32],"安徽省农科院","生物育种安徽省实验室","李晓玉","ZmHPATR1","鞘氨醇单胞菌","New 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activation of salicylic acid responses”的研究论文，该论文鉴定出‌过氧化物酶体产生的H₂O₂信号下游的两个核心功能组分——质膜受体激酶HPCA1与钙信号传感蛋白CaM3，为解析胞内活性氧信号的转导层级提供了关键新靶点。\n\nC3植物中约70%的H₂O₂由光呼吸代谢产生，而过氧化物酶体正是这部分H₂O₂的核心生成位点，这类细胞器来源的H₂O₂是驱动植物防御应答的核心信号分子，可触发下游一整套有序的免疫响应程序。韩毅团队前期研究已证实（Plant Cell Environ. 2020; 43(5):1175-1191; Plant Cell Environ. 2026; 49(5):2691-2705），过氧化物酶体H₂O₂可通过激活水杨酸（SA）信号通路调控植物免疫应答，且该免疫过程的功能实现，高度依赖S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSNOR）的蛋白稳态。然而，直接介导H₂O₂信号精准调控GSNOR蛋白丰度的关键调节因子，至今仍未被明确鉴定，其作用机制尚待系统阐明。\n\n为解析过氧化物酶体H₂O₂调控GSNOR蛋白水平的关键机制，本研究通过酵母双杂交高通量筛选锁定了GSNOR的互作蛋白CaM3。遗传证据显示，在H₂O₂富集的cat2突变体背景下，cam3突变会导致H₂O₂介导的SA积累减少、植物抗病性减弱、细胞程序性死亡减缓，同时GSNOR蛋白水平显著下降。我们进一步将该通路与已知的质膜H₂O₂感知元件HPCA1关联，发现HPCA1功能缺失会完全破坏H₂O₂介导的SA防御响应与GSNOR蛋白稳态; 而过量表达CAM3可有效回补hpca1突变体的SA信号缺陷与GSNOR蛋白水平下调表型，明确CaM3是HPCA1下游H₂O₂信号传导的关键组分。后续实验进一步证实，在H₂O₂富集的环境下，HPCA1和CaM3的功能缺失，均会让GSNOR被细胞自噬通路靶向降解。最终本研究揭示了一条植物免疫调控新路径：HPCA1-CaM3模块通过抑制自噬通路对GSNOR的降解，维持GSNOR的蛋白稳态，从而激活H₂O₂下游的SA有关免疫应答。\n\n安徽农业大学和生物育种安徽省实验室为论文共同第一单位。安徽农业大学生物制造学院、生命科学学院罗龙博士后和博士研究生杨天召为论文共同第一作者，韩毅教授为论文通讯作者。安徽农业大学张宽朝正高级实验师、余梅副教授和江苏省农业科学院戚维聪副研究员参与了相关研究工作。该研究获得了国家自然科学基金、植物抗逆高效全国重点实验室开放基金和安徽省教育科学研究项目（重点项目）的联合资助。","安徽省农业科学院生物育种安徽省实验室 2026年8月20日","2026-08-20T00:00:00Z",81,{"impact":19,"substance":17,"depth":140,"authority":82,"freshness":83,"relevant":22,"comment":141},18,"揭示植物免疫新机制，具科研价值，但属基础研究，对农业信息化直接应用有限。",[143],{"name":136,"url":133},[27,145,146,147],"Plant Physiology","胞内过氧化氢","HPCA1 CaM3",{"code":41,"slug":42,"name":43,"path":44,"parent_code":45},[],{"status":47,"locked":14,"version":48,"method":49,"evidence":151},{"candidates":152,"agricultural_evidence":54},[153],{"code":41,"score":59,"supported":54,"title":154,"abstract":155,"tags":156},[61],[61],[],[158,159],"安徽省农科院 胞内过氧化氢 Plant Physiology 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保护视力色：\n\n2026年10月17日，安徽省农作物种业发展论坛暨生物育种前沿技术应用学术交流会在合肥成功召开。本次会议由安徽省作物学会、生物育种安徽省实验室共同主办，安徽昇谷农业科技有限公司承办。会议由安徽省作物学会理事长、安徽省农业科学院副院长李成，学会副理事长、安徽农业大学李金才教授分段主持。来自全省200余名种业领域专家学者、企业家、会员代表和研究生等齐聚一堂，围绕前沿生物育种技术研发与应用开展学术交流与技术研讨。\n\n李成在主持会议时指出，种业是国家战略性、基础性核心产业，是保障国家粮食安全和农产品有效供给的根本支撑。希望通过此次会议，搭建交流合作平台，促进创新链与产业链深度融合，推动生物育种前沿技术从实验室走向田间地头，从科研成果转化为现实生产力，为种业振兴、建设高质高效农业强省贡献智慧与力量。\n\n会议以“生物育种助力江淮粮仓建设”为主题，邀请生物育种安徽省实验室主任吕玉平博士，生物育种安徽省实验室玉米重大创新任务特聘研究员、中国农业大学赖锦盛教授，生物育种安徽省实验室油菜重大创新任务特聘研究员、崖州湾国家实验室油菜创新团队首席科学家、华中农业大学郭亮教授等专家分别围绕“玉米生物育种研究进展”“生物育种新质生产力赋能种业创新”“油菜育种理论、技术和应用”等作大会报告，从基础研究、技术攻关、产业化应用等不同角度分享分享生物育种前沿技术研究进展和生物育种产业化实践经验。","安徽省农业科学院 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AR智能眼镜助力分级定级","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cfsn.cn\u002Fnews\u002Fdetail\u002F345\u002F371985.html","河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所主办2026年黄淮海玉米抗病性鉴定田间开放日。作为全国玉米抗病性鉴定牵头单位，该所推进智能化技术嫁接鉴定工作，引入AR智能眼镜拍照自动标注叶片病斑率并判定严重度等级，支持语音控制与后台批量导出，另探索无人机悬停拍照系统开展规模化快速调查。","金秋时节，冀中平原玉米长势喜人、丰收在望。近日，由河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所主办的“2026年黄淮海玉米抗病性鉴定田间开放日”活动在河北省保定市顺利举行。来自玉米育种、植保、种业企业等领域的领导、专家和同仁齐聚一堂，围绕玉米抗病性鉴定标准化、智能化与精准化展开深入交流与现场观摩。\n\n河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所副所长吴玉星表示，玉米抗病性鉴定是育种升级和品种审定推广的必要环节，对保障粮食安全具有重要意义。河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所作为全国玉米抗病性鉴定的牵头单位，严格按照国家标准规范布局、统一试验，全程实行标准化操作程序，确保每一项数据真实、准确、公正。他强调，团队将继续恪守公平、公正、科学、严谨的工作原则，不断优化试验方案，为各试验单位提供优质高效的抗病性鉴定服务，助力优良玉米品种替代升级和高质量发展。\n\n活动期间，河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所研究员石洁结合多年田间鉴定实践，介绍了当前玉米抗病性鉴定面临的现实挑战。她指出，黄淮海地区玉米病害种类多、调查面积大、工作强度高，仅靠人工逐品种、逐病害调查，骨干人员长期在田间超负荷工作，难以满足规模化、精准化鉴定需求。为此，团队积极推动智能化技术嫁接到抗病性鉴定工作中，着力实现数据实时采集、结果直接反馈和精准分级。\n\n北京金禾天成科技有限公司有关负责人介绍了通过AR智能眼镜识别玉米病害及判定严重度等级技术。该技术通过拍照识别，自动标注每片叶片的病斑率和整张图片的病斑率，并给出严重度等级判定，拍照后自动保存识别结果和原图，支持现场快速呈现结果和后台批量导出。系统还可按品种编号自动对应品种名称，支持人工校正和后续复核，有效减轻调查人员劳动强度，提升鉴定效率和标准化水平。\n\n石洁告诉记者，团队正在积极协助研发和应用AR智能眼镜技术，用于玉米叶斑病、穗腐病等病害的精准分级。该设备支持语音控制，可解放双手，在田间行走过程中即可完成“所见即所得”的病情定级，并实时反馈数据。相比传统人眼判断，智能眼镜能够提供更精细的数量化级别，满足抗性基因定位等研究对定量数据的需求。此外，团队还在积极探索无人机高空悬停拍照系统，用于茎腐病、矮花叶病等病害的规模化快速调查，进一步提升鉴定效率。\n\n活动现场还展示了快速检测技术在玉米病害防控中的应用。石洁介绍，该技术可在病害尚未发病的叶片上，通过棉签擦拭、裂解液处理和便携设备检测，30分钟内常温下判断叶片是否携带孢子或已被病原菌侵入。目前可检测病理上几乎所有病害（病毒病除外），包括南方锈病、穗腐病、弯孢叶斑病、瘤黑粉病等。荧光定量PCR版本一次可同时检测8种病原菌，帮助种植大户和种业企业据检测结果用药，实现“检防联动”，从普惠性预防用药转向按需防控、对靶施药、早防早治，大幅节省农药和飞防成本。\n\n本次开放日活动全面开放观摩现场，与会代表近距离了解了玉米抗病性鉴定从试验设计、田间管控、症状跟踪到数据调查的全流程。大家一致认为，智能化鉴定技术和快速检测技术的推广应用，将有力推动黄淮海玉米抗病性鉴定工作向精准化、标准化、高效化迈进，为玉米产业高质量发展保驾护航。（王田）","中国食品安全网 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