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智能农机加速下乡","http:\u002F\u002Ftuopin.ce.cn\u002Fnews\u002F202610\u002Ft20261016_3260414.shtml","《山西省智慧农业行动计划（2026—2030年）》细化落地举措，围绕丘陵山地特点推进智慧农业先行先试、智慧农（牧、渔）场建设与技术创新。全省坡耕地1686.66万亩、占耕地总面积29.06%，为此加强丘陵山区智能农机研发引进，开展丘陵山区杂粮农机具研究，组建省级智慧农业产业技术体系。","**阅读提示**\n\n**我省依托科研院所与高校、企业联合攻关，量身研发本土化、适配型智能农机装备。当前，智能技术稳步融入耕种管收储全产业链条，推动农业生产实现精准管控、降本增效。同时，相关部门统筹推行农业社会化服务、落实专项政策补贴、开展定向技能培训等多项举措，打通技术落地堵点，构建智慧农业发展体系，让数字红利惠及广袤田野，书写黄土高原现代农业转型发展新答卷。**\n\n晨光破晓，阳光渐暖。太原市小店区北格镇梁家庄村的智慧农业大棚内，智能设备精准感知田间环境变化，保温卷帘随气温变化平稳升降，全程无需人工操作。\n\n这座由山西优班图科技股份有限公司联合山西农业大学（省农科院）共建的实验基地，是我省设施农业智能化升级的生动缩影，见证着传统农业向智慧农业转变的迭代蜕变。\n\n“大棚卷帘并非一次性全开，而是根据温度变化幅度循序渐进调节。”基地负责人李鹏飞介绍。大棚内各类传感器全天候实时采集温湿度、光照强度、二氧化碳浓度等核心环境数据，通过智能系统自动联动卷帘、通风、灌溉等设备，实现种植环境动态精准调控，彻底颠覆了传统“看天种地”的粗放模式，全面迈入“数据管棚”的智慧农业新阶段。\n\n农业新质生产力，核心是数字技术与农业生产的深度融合。2026年中央一号文件明确提出，要因地制宜发展农业新质生产力，促进人工智能与农业发展相结合，拓展无人机、物联网、机器人等应用场景。对标国家部署，《山西省智慧农业行动计划（2026—2030年）》细化落地举措，加快数字技术与农业深度融合，提升农业智能化水平，提高农业生产效率、资源利用率和农民收入，推动山西现代农业高质量发展。\n\n依托政策牵引、科研攻关、产业赋能，三晋大地各类智能农机、数字装备加速落地，贯穿农业生产全链条，为特色种养提质增效、群众稳定增收注入数字动能。\n\n**立足实际**\n\n**研发适配型智能农机**\n\n我省丘陵山地广、零散坡耕地多。第三次国土调查数据显示，全省坡耕地达1686.66万亩，占耕地总面积29.06%；梯田耕地达1421.68万亩，占耕地总面积24.49%。地块零散、坡度不均、田间道路狭窄，适配小块坡耕地的专用农机短缺，是丘陵山区农业提质增效的主要瓶颈。\n\n靶向破解本土生产难题，我省聚焦农业生产薄弱环节，联动科研机构、涉农企业、专业合作社精准攻关，量身研发适配丘陵山区作业的智能农机装备，补齐山区农业机械化、智能化短板。\n\n8月20日，娄烦县天池店乡南岔村马铃薯新优品标准化种植示范基地内，一垄垄马铃薯长势喜人，智能化种植设备的赋能成效尽显。\n\n“马铃薯长势旺盛，丘陵山区自走式马铃薯种植机发挥了重要作用。”娄烦润和美种植专业合作社负责人尤同义说。这款机具由山西省薯类产业技术体系专家赵旭志、贺孝兵团队研发，可一次性完成开沟、播种、起垄、镇压等一体化作业，通过起垄镇压保墒技术有效提升出苗率，精准解决了丘陵山区小地块大中型农机难进地、小型农机功能单一的行业痛点。\n\n不只马铃薯种植装备，多款适配山区地形的智能农机相继落地推广。针对农业生产各类细分痛点，山西农机科创持续发力、多点突破。\n\n由山西农业大学（省农科院）高粱研究所研究员白文斌团队研发的“大地智牛”全自主覆膜播种机器人，已在阳高、寿阳、襄垣、武乡、永和等多个山区县2000余亩耕地验证使用。该设备集成施肥、覆膜、铺设滴灌带、播种、覆土五道工序，可在6°及以下坡度耕地稳定作业，填补了国内丘陵山区覆膜播种智能农机的空白。设备作业时速稳定，可根据不规则曲线地块自主规划作业路径、动态调整速度，兼顾作业精度与生产效率。\n\n山西沃勃农业发展有限公司与山西农业大学（省农科院）园艺学院等科研部门，聚焦温室果蔬采摘用工紧缺、成本偏高、果实损伤率高的难题，融合多模态视觉与三维定位技术，成功研发履带式自主导航采摘机器人，实现果实精准识别定位、机械臂柔性低损采摘。一台机器人可替代2—3名采摘工，单棚年节约人力成本1.6万元以上。\n\n围绕玉米全生育期绿色除草需求，五台县城园丰农机制造有限公司联合清华大学天津高端装备研究所等单位，集成全地形移动平台、多模态感知组件、智能决策控制器、高精度导航系统、仿生物理除草与松土机构、复合能源系统及物联网作业平台，成功制造覆膜玉米智能除草机器人。该款机器人可自主建立地块与作物行地图，精准识别玉米苗株、杂草、地膜和障碍物，在实现清除田间杂草的同时完成土壤浅松。\n\n太原科技大学和山西农谷现代农业装备科技有限公司等单位，成功研制黄花菜智能采摘机器人。此款采摘机器人依托国际领先的并联机器人技术，可保障高速高精度作业；视觉系统利用高感光相机与多光谱融合增强方法，能快速识别花蕾进行轨迹规划；末端执行器采用了力位混合控制技术，可精准定位采摘点实现无损采摘；控制系统融合激光雷达等多传感器，可实现复杂田块自主导航与动态避障。\n\n一系列本土化、适配型智能农机的研发与落地，精准破解了我省丘陵山地农业生产的诸多短板，为推动山地农业从传统人工劳作向智能高效作业转型提供了全新选择。\n\n**全链赋能**\n\n**贯穿耕管收储全环节**\n\n8月23日，运城市盐湖区龙居镇南花村百忍堂冷库分选车间内，智能分拣设备全速运转，一颗颗红香酥梨经由传送轨道有序输送，通过多维度智能扫描，系统综合比对果体大小、重量、色泽、表皮瑕疵、内部品质等多项参数，依托智能算法自动分级、精准归类，实现标准化分选。\n\n“人工分拣没有统一标准，果品品相、大小参差不齐，很多优质梨果因分拣不规范，卖不上高端市场价。”冷库负责人张蓓坦言。智能分拣设备的投入使用，彻底补齐人工分拣的短板，让优质果品匹配高端价值，有效助力农户增收、产业提质。如今，智能化、数字化技术已全面渗透农业种植、田间管护、采收加工、仓储保鲜全链条，从单一设备示范应用，转向全流程、系统化智慧升级。\n\n田间管护更精细。春季小麦管护关键期，曲沃县曲村镇下坞村麦田里，搭载北斗定位的自由式喷灌机器人灵活作业，180米直径喷射范围实现360°无死角精准供水。相较于传统灌溉模式，设备节水55%左右，作业效率提升85%以上，既省水省力，又保障麦苗均匀受水、长势均衡。小麦灌浆期，临猗县统筹8支专业飞防队伍、119架植保无人机，对全县26.97万亩小麦开展“一喷三防”全覆盖作业，无人机按精准航线低空作业，均匀喷施药剂与叶面肥，筑牢粮食丰产防线。\n\n育苗耕种更高效。山西六新科技有限公司等单位联合研发的数智育苗机器人，搭载双模式自由切换、地块仿形自适应两大核心技术。设备可快速切换条播、撒播作业模式，自动根据苗圃凹凸地表调整播种高度，保证落种均匀；内置定量分料结构，适配大小不同农作物、蔬菜、林木、药材种子，可同步完成播种、覆土、轻度镇压一体化作业，整机机动灵活，适合露天苗圃大范围连续作业。\n\n田间作业更智能。山西恒赫百旺智能科技有限公司研发的丘陵山地无人设备，集成智能感知、精准决策、自主执行功能，可智能生成与坡地、梯田契合的自主飞行航线，实现定高、定速全自主飞行与定量施药作业。\n\n仓储保鲜更安全。太原先元科技有限公司等联合打造的粮食干燥仓储全流程管理系统，以中央集控调度机器人为核心，可智能识别粮食水分，动态调节作业温度、风量，精准完成粮食干燥处理；仓储阶段可24小时自动监测粮情、智能翻粮，全方位保障粮食存储安全。\n\n为持续拓宽智慧农业应用场景，今年7月，省工信厅、省农业农村厅联合发文，聚焦种植、养殖、农产品初加工三大重点领域，启动农业领域机器人典型应用场景遴选工作，以标杆场景引领农机装备创新迭代，推动全省农业机械化、智能化高质量发展。\n\n在北斗导航、智能感知、精准算法等技术支持下，智慧农机已成为三晋大地耕、种、管、收的生力军。\n\n左权县探索建立“县级统筹、农机到户、技术护航、补贴直达”四位一体工作模式，投放300余台配备北斗导航、无人驾驶功能的智能农机，实现耕、种、管、收全链条作业。据该县农业农村局工作人员介绍，智能农机依托导航系统规划作业路径，行距误差控制在2厘米以内，作业深度偏差不超1厘米，可有效杜绝漏耕、重耕问题，种子利用率提升15%以上，农业生产精细化、标准化水平显著提升。\n\n怀仁市依托智慧农机载体，以数据互联互通为支撑，搭建起涵盖耕、种、管、收各环节的智慧农事服务体系，助力当地农业由传统“会种地”向现代“慧种地”迭代升级，大力推行可感知、可控制、可决策的智慧农业发展模式。该市农业机械化发展中心主任郭亮介绍，自2023年起，当地逐步推广农机无人驾驶辅助系统，现有设备保有量约200套，有效降低人工与农资投入成本。\n\n**破解堵点**\n\n**构建长效发展体系**\n\n智能农机、数字装备的广泛应用，为我省农业转型升级、提质增效提供了有力支撑，但高端智能设备造价偏高、小农户购置能力不足等问题，仍然制约着全省智慧农业的规模化普及、全覆盖推广。\n\n“公司研发的履带式智能植保无人机可自主规划路线、24小时不间断作业，性能稳定高效，但价格偏高，目前主要推广于广西、海南等规模化果园种植区，省内仅万荣、临猗等林果大县落地应用。”山西添翼创新科技有限公司总经理闫太平道出行业共性难题。\n\n山西优班图科技股份有限公司等联合研发的智能水肥药一体机同样面临推广困境，设备可根据作物长势精准施肥喷药、节本增效，却因购置成本较高，让众多小农户望而却步。\n\n针对单家独户购置成本高、设备利用率低的痛点，各地立足小农户多、地块碎片化的农业实情，创新探索“智能农机共享+农业生产托管”模式，将高端智能装备转化为社会化服务的“公共农具”，让小农户便捷享受数字农业红利。\n\n社会化服务提质增效，助力普惠共享。临汾市翼城县益农区域农机社会化服务中心，依托全套智能农机装备开展规模化农业托管服务，全程托管土地2万余亩，单环节托管超10万亩，辐射带动周边大量小农户。通过统一智能化作业，实现亩均节本50元以上、增产15%，相关实践成功入选全国农机社会化服务典型案例，为全省智慧农机普惠化推广提供可借鉴的经验。\n\n政策精准托举，打通落地壁垒。相关部门积极落实农机购置与应用补贴政策，将农用无人机、田间智能监测设备、智能耕作机械等新型装备纳入补贴范围，推行优机优补、精准补贴，大幅降低经营主体购置成本。\n\n今年8月，省农机发展中心在清徐县举办农机购置与应用补贴产品现场演示评价活动。本次活动旨在严格规范补贴产品准入标准，夯实农机购置补贴政策实施基础，推动先进适用农机装备的推广应用。参评产品涵盖农用（植保）无人驾驶航空器、农用北斗辅助驾驶系统、北斗农机作业监测终端、田园管理机及微耕机五大品类148个型号。\n\n“我们研发智能农机的最终目标是让农民成为‘白领’，坐在办公室就能种地。”闫太平说，智能农机的广泛落地、高效应用，离不开高素质专业人才的支撑。\n\n今年7月，省农业农村厅印发了《2026年全省高素质农民培育工作实施方案》。根据方案，培育工作专门面向参与智慧农业项目的新型农业经营主体骨干、青年农民骨干、返乡入乡创业群体等重点人群，紧扣我省智慧农业发展核心需求，重点围绕智慧农业发展理念、物联网、大数据、人工智能等信息技术应用、智能农业装备应用、智慧农（牧、渔）场发展等开展培训，破解智能农机“无人会用、无人善用”的人才短板。\n\n同时，全省各地也在积极探索适应智能农机操作的高素质农民培养新途径。朔州市举办的农机手技能提升培训班专门增设北斗导航辅助驾驶、作业质量监测等智能终端操作课程，帮助农机手适应现代农业发展需求。\n\n交口县组织技术人员将无人机驾驶技术培训直接送到田间地头，围绕农业无人机的核心应用场景，从设备构造、飞行原理、安全规范到植保作业参数设置，进行从理论到实操的全流程教学。乡宁县培育30名持证飞手，组建本土专业技术队伍，可熟练操控植保无人机开展梯田智能化作业。\n\n从单点设备示范突破，到全链条技术赋能，我省逐步探索出一条“科研攻关+政策托举+服务赋能”的智慧农业发展路径。曾经依赖人力、看天吃饭的传统农业，正被数据驱动、智能管控的现代化农业重塑。智能农机不再是大型示范基地的专属配置，而是持续下沉千家万户田块的普惠工具，持续释放农业新质生产力效能，为黄土高原旱作农业现代化、三晋乡村全面振兴注入源源不断的数字动能。\n\n![Image 1](https:\u002F\u002Fnginx-sxrb.app.sxrbw.com\u002Fsxrb\u002Fepaper\u002Fpc\u002Fpic\u002F202610\u002F16\u002F49417_0ab510f3-011f-4e35-afe4-86c9214ec13f_l.jpg)\n\n大棚专用自主水肥药农情监测机器人正在进行喷药作业。本报记者 崔如意摄\n\n![Image 2](https:\u002F\u002Fnginx-sxrb.app.sxrbw.com\u002Fsxrb\u002Fepaper\u002Fpc\u002Fpic\u002F202610\u002F16\u002F49417_2321f7b6-ed58-493b-9175-92dbb5561970_l.jpg)\n\n丘陵山区自走式马铃薯种植机正在作业。本报记者 崔如意摄\n\n**相关链接**\n\n《山西省智慧农业行动计划（2026—2030年）》提出，我省将：\n\n1.推进智慧农业先行先试。开展“人工智能+”行动，打造以新技术集群和大模型为支撑的大田种植、设施农业、规模养殖等应用场景，示范推广智能化农机装备。鼓励各市、县因地制宜打造1—2个种植业、畜牧业、渔业等智慧农业应用场景。鼓励建设智慧农业应用引领区，推进种植方案与物联网智能装备、智能灌溉系统、智能农机设备、智慧管理平台等耦合应用。用好线上线下宣传渠道，总结推广智慧农业发展经验做法。\n\n2.推进智慧农（牧、渔）场建设。实施农（牧、渔）场智慧赋能计划，培育一批不同技术模式的智慧农（牧、渔）场。发挥规模主体带动作用，培育一批智慧农业发展社会化服务主体，集成推广智慧农业新技术、新装备。\n\n3.推进智慧农业技术创新。支持科研院校开展智慧农业技术模式研究、集成与推广，利用农业生产过程的数字化仿真、推演，形成最优种植、养殖管理方案。加快智能农机装备技术攻关，加强丘陵山区智能农机装备研发、引进，开展丘陵山区杂粮农机具研究。推进国家级智慧农业重点实验室建设。组建省级智慧农业产业技术体系，为智慧农业发展提供技术支撑。培育一批智慧农业领域科技领军企业，推进智慧农业技术研发、成果转化和产业化应用。促进应用场景需求和研发服务能力对接，推动新技术新产品应用推广。","中国经济网扶贫频道 2026-10-16",{"impact":508,"substance":361,"depth":689,"authority":524,"freshness":400,"relevant":455,"comment":906},"省级智慧农业综合报道，智能农机研发与全链应用案例扎实、信源多元，但时效偏旧，适合作为主题聚合素材而非当日精选。",[908],{"name":904,"url":901},[910,846,847,848,911],"智慧农业","农业社会化服务",{"code":112,"slug":113,"name":114,"path":115,"parent_code":72},[],{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":915},{"candidates":916,"agricultural_evidence":601},[917,921,925,929],{"code":112,"score":416,"supported":601,"title":918,"abstract":919,"tags":920},[797],[797],[847],{"code":16,"score":400,"supported":601,"title":922,"abstract":923,"tags":924},[],[910],[910],{"code":120,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":926,"abstract":927,"tags":928},[],[],[846],{"code":496,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":930,"abstract":931,"tags":932},[],[],[911],[934,935],"山西 智能农机 丘陵山区","山西 农业新质生产力 智慧农业","山西智能农机丘陵山区-5504","2026-10-22T00:06:58.505233Z",{"id":939,"title":940,"url":941,"summary":942,"summary_zh":943,"content":11,"source_name":944,"source_url":941,"published_at":578,"category":579,"cover_url":11,"hotness":385,"is_selected":580,"score":945,"score_detail":946,"sources":948,"tags":950,"primary_topic":956,"secondary_topics":957,"classification":958,"search_phrases":1006,"slug":1009,"view_count":424,"doi":1010,"paper":1011,"created_at":1045},5480,"Sustainable Plant Disease Management: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fsu182010661","Sustainable plant disease management is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity, environmental health, and global food security. Climate change has increased crop vulnerability to emerging and re-emerging plant diseases, posing significant challenges for agricultural sustainability. Although synthetic chemical pesticides have long been effective for disease control, their extensive use is increasingly questioned because of environmental contamination, pathogen resistance, and potential risks to human and ecosystem health. Consequently, plant disease management (PDM) is shifting toward more sustainable and integrated approaches. Future strategies are expected to incorporate multiple disciplines, including: (i) biological control and microbiome engineering to enhance natural plant defense mechanisms; (ii) advanced molecular and genomic technologies, such as CRISPR\u002FCas systems, RNA interference (RNAi), and epigenome editing, to develop durable disease resistance; (iii) smart delivery systems for the precise application of antimicrobial compounds and defense elicitors; (iv) nanotechnology-based platforms for the targeted delivery of nutrients, pesticides, and biocontrol agents, improving efficacy while reducing chemical inputs; (v) digital and precision agriculture technologies, including remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostics, to facilitate real-time disease surveillance and targeted interventions; and (vi) agroecological practices such as crop diversification, soil health restoration, and climate-smart farming to enhance agroecosystem resilience. These innovations aim not only to suppress plant pathogens but also to build sustainable, adaptive, and resilient agricultural systems that address future environmental and biological challenges.","可持续的植物病害管理对于维持农业生产力、环境健康和全球粮食安全至关重要。气候变化加剧了作物对新发和再发植物病害的脆弱性，给农业可持续性带来了重大挑战。尽管合成化学农药长期以来在病害防控中行之有效，但其广泛使用正日益受到质疑，原因包括环境污染、病原菌抗药性以及对人类和生态系统健康的潜在风险。因此，植物病害管理（plant disease management, PDM）正转向更加可持续和综合的途径。未来的策略预计将融合多个学科，包括：(i) 生物防治和微生物组工程，以增强植物天然防御机制；(ii) 先进的分子和基因组技术，如CRISPR\u002FCas系统、RNA干扰（RNAi）和表观基因组编辑，以培育持久抗病性；(iii) 用于精准施用抗菌化合物和防御诱导子的智能递送系统；(iv) 基于纳米技术的平台，用于靶向递送养分、农药和生物防治剂，在提高功效的同时减少化学投入；(v) 数字和精准农业技术，包括遥感、无人机（UAVs）和基于人工智能（AI）的诊断，以促进实时病害监测和靶向干预；以及(vi) 农业生态实践，如作物多样化、土壤健康恢复和气候智慧型农业，以增强农业生态系统的韧性。这些创新不仅旨在抑制植物病原菌，还旨在构建可持续、适应性强且具有韧性的农业系统，以应对未来的环境和生物挑战。","Sustainability",81,{"impact":321,"substance":508,"depth":361,"authority":739,"freshness":173,"relevant":455,"comment":947},"系统综述可持续植物病害管理六大技术方向，涵盖AI诊断、纳米递送与基因编辑，对智慧农业与绿色防控具参考价值。",[949],{"name":944,"url":941},[910,951,952,953,954,955],"精准农业","基因编辑","植物病害","生物防治","纳米技术",{"code":104,"slug":105,"name":106,"path":107,"parent_code":72},[],{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":959},{"candidates":960,"agricultural_evidence":601},[961,966,970,976,981,987,992,997,1002],{"code":16,"score":173,"supported":601,"title":962,"abstract":963,"tags":965},[],[951,964],"precision agriculture",[910,951],{"code":104,"score":794,"supported":601,"title":967,"abstract":968,"tags":969},[],[604,954],[954],{"code":263,"score":779,"supported":601,"title":971,"abstract":972,"tags":975},[],[973,974],"粮食安全","food security",[],{"code":144,"score":779,"supported":601,"title":977,"abstract":978,"tags":980},[],[979,145],"土壤",[],{"code":184,"score":779,"supported":601,"title":982,"abstract":983,"tags":986},[],[984,985],"气候变化","climate change",[],{"code":32,"score":779,"supported":601,"title":988,"abstract":989,"tags":991},[],[887,990],"remote sensing",[],{"code":176,"score":600,"supported":601,"title":993,"abstract":994,"tags":996},[],[995],"农业生态",[],{"code":24,"score":600,"supported":601,"title":998,"abstract":999,"tags":1001},[],[1000],"artificial intelligence",[],{"code":88,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":1003,"abstract":1004,"tags":1005},[],[],[952],[1007,1008],"CRISPR RNAi 作物抗病","基因编辑 智慧农业 植物病害 生物防治","CRISPRRNAi作物抗病-5480","10.3390\u002Fsu182010661",{"doi":1010,"openalex_id":1012,"authors":1013,"venue":944,"cited_by_count":424,"oa_url":941,"card":1038,"direction":1042,"ingested_from":1044},"W7223044776",[1014,1017,1020,1023,1026,1029,1032,1035],{"name":1015,"orcid":1016},"Karim M. Hassan","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1241-2307",{"name":1018,"orcid":1019},"Basma T. Abd-Elhalim","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-3009-332X",{"name":1021,"orcid":1022},"Mohamed K. Abou El-Nasr","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1451-833X",{"name":1024,"orcid":1025},"Essam Yosef Abdul-Hafeez","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-4744-4672",{"name":1027,"orcid":1028},"Ahmed N. Abdelhamid","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-1326-7885",{"name":1030,"orcid":1031},"Mostafa Abdelkader","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-2339-5087",{"name":1033,"orcid":1034},"Mohamed Abd El-Hamed Nasser","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-0328-2969",{"name":1036,"orcid":1037},"Mahmoud A. A. Ali","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9062-0048",{"tldr":1039,"method":1040,"finding":1041,"direction":1042,"opportunity":1043},"综述植物病害可持续管理的多学科前沿进展、挑战与未来方向。","文献综述，整合生物防治、基因编辑、纳米递送、数字农业与生态农艺。","未来病害管理需融合生物、分子、纳米与数字技术构建韧性农业系统。","智慧农业 \u002F 农业物联网","遥感、无人机与AI诊断的实时病害监测闭环仍缺田间验证与低成本落地研究。","openalex","2026-10-21T23:30:09.242484Z",{"id":1047,"title":1048,"url":1049,"summary":1050,"summary_zh":11,"content":11,"source_name":1051,"source_url":11,"published_at":578,"category":579,"cover_url":11,"hotness":385,"is_selected":580,"score":1052,"score_detail":1053,"sources":1056,"tags":1058,"primary_topic":1063,"secondary_topics":1064,"classification":1066,"search_phrases":1083,"slug":1086,"view_count":424,"doi":1087,"paper":1088,"created_at":1095},5460,"数字农技推广对农户科学施肥技术采纳的影响及机制研究 (Research on the Impact and Mechanism of Digital Agricultural Technology Extension on Farmers' Adoption of Scientific Fertilization)","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.13872\u002Fj.1000-0275.2026.1666","基于2025年河南省707户种粮农户调查，有序Probit模型检验。每增加1种数字推广方式，不采纳概率降低9.4个百分点，采纳2类技术概率提高7.4个百分点，经工具变量与PSM支持。感知易用性中介占比更大。属网络首发。","农业现代化研究（网络首发）2026-10-20",78,{"impact":689,"substance":321,"depth":1054,"authority":739,"freshness":385,"relevant":455,"comment":1055},17,"基于707户调查的实证研究，数据扎实、结论明确，对数字农技推广与绿色施肥有参考价值，但属细分领域论文，影响范围有限。",[1057],{"name":1051,"url":1049},[587,1059,1060,1061,1062],"技术采纳","科学施肥","数字农技推广","河南农户",{"code":96,"slug":97,"name":98,"path":99,"parent_code":72},[1065],{"code":488,"slug":489,"name":490,"path":491,"parent_code":480},{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":1067},{"candidates":1068,"agricultural_evidence":601},[1069,1074,1079],{"code":96,"score":1054,"supported":601,"title":1070,"abstract":1072,"tags":1073},[662,1071],"fertilization",[],[1060],{"code":488,"score":710,"supported":601,"title":1075,"abstract":1077,"tags":1078},[1076],"农技推广",[],[1059],{"code":56,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":1080,"abstract":1081,"tags":1082},[],[],[587],[1084,1085],"河南 种粮农户 数字农技推广","科学施肥 技术采纳 有序Probit","河南种粮农户数字农技推广-5460","10.13872\u002Fj.1000-0275.2026.1666",{"doi":1087,"openalex_id":11,"authors":1089,"venue":11,"cited_by_count":424,"oa_url":11,"card":1090,"direction":634,"ingested_from":636},[],{"tldr":1091,"method":1092,"finding":1093,"direction":634,"opportunity":1094},"基于河南707户调查，检验数字农技推广对农户科学施肥技术采纳的影响。","2025年河南707户问卷，有序Probit模型，工具变量与PSM稳健性检验。","每增加一种数字推广方式，不采纳概率降9.4个百分点，采纳两类技术概率升7.4个百分点。","可延伸研究不同数字推广渠道组合的差异化效果，及感知易用性之外的中介机制。","2026-10-21T00:10:08.151021Z",{"id":1097,"title":1098,"url":1099,"summary":1100,"summary_zh":11,"content":1101,"source_name":686,"source_url":11,"published_at":578,"category":645,"cover_url":11,"hotness":385,"is_selected":580,"score":1102,"score_detail":1103,"sources":1105,"tags":1107,"primary_topic":1113,"secondary_topics":1114,"classification":1116,"search_phrases":1127,"slug":1130,"view_count":424,"doi":11,"paper":11,"created_at":1131},5448,"全国宜机收芝麻全程机械化观摩会在安徽太和举行 省农科院作物所主办","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.aaas.org.cn\u002F4303133\u002F71576873.html","10 月 16 日至 18 日，由安徽省农业科学院作物研究所主办的 2026 年全国宜机收芝麻全程机械化生产技术暨联合机收现场观摩会在太和县举行，国家特色油料产业技术体系首席科学家苗红梅研究员、省农科院副院长张磊出席，150 余人参会。17 日上午与会代表赴双浮镇高寨村、旧县镇张槐村观摩 600 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应用场景","广西具身智能现代农业-5420","2026-10-21T00:09:54.769055Z",{"id":1262,"title":1263,"url":1264,"summary":1265,"summary_zh":11,"content":1266,"source_name":1267,"source_url":11,"published_at":578,"category":1224,"cover_url":11,"hotness":385,"is_selected":580,"score":1268,"score_detail":1269,"sources":1271,"tags":1273,"primary_topic":1278,"secondary_topics":1279,"classification":1281,"search_phrases":1298,"slug":1301,"view_count":424,"doi":11,"paper":11,"created_at":1302},5417,"江西七部门合力规范农药兽药生产经营使用","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.moa.gov.cn\u002Fxw\u002Fqg\u002F202610\u002Ft20261019_6488750.htm","江西省农业农村厅等部门七部门联合部署规范农药兽药生产经营使用秩序的专项行动，从生产、经营、使用多环节切入治理。这是农业农村部推动农药兽药全链条常态化监管在地方落地的最新案例，与此前部署的规范农药兽药网络经营秩序七部门综合整治行动相衔接。对涉农经营主体而言，合规经营、索证索票与用药记录的规范化要求将持续收紧，也推动农产品质量安全智慧监管与追溯体系加速落地。","10月12日，江西省农业农村厅联合省高级人民法院、省人民检察院、省工业和信息化厅、省公安厅、省市场监管局、省供销联社等七部门召开会议，合力推动规范农药兽药生产经营使用综合整治工作取得更大成效。\n\n据了解，今年7月，农业农村部等七部门联合部署启动了进一步规范农药兽药生产经营使用综合整治行动，对禁限用农药兽药生产、经营、网售、使用等，依法开展全环节全链条整治，严打禁限用农药兽药非法生产经营使用行为。\n\n自行动启动以来，江西省积极落实国家部署要求，有序推进各项工作。目前，全省累计核查农药兽药生产经营使用主体9311家，立案查处农兽药案件73起，完成省级农药兽药及农产品质量抽检14027批次，整治经验入选全国专项简报5期，综合整治工作取得阶段性进展。\n\n当前，行动已进入提速攻坚、决战决胜的关键阶段，江西省将紧扣“打源头、端窝点、查大案”主攻方向和“端掉一批黑窝点，查获一批禁用农药兽药，清理一批违法网店，查办一批大案要案，曝光一批反面典型”五个一批目标，严格落实“必须出重拳、下狠手，打源头”三个必须要求，坚决守住全省农产品质量安全底线。（江西日报全媒体记者 李耀文）","农业农村部 2026-10-20",74,{"impact":508,"substance":361,"depth":1158,"authority":416,"freshness":710,"relevant":455,"comment":1270},"省级多部门联合整治，含核查主体、立案、抽检等实质数据，属政策落地进展，值得进入每日精选。",[1272],{"name":1267,"url":1264},[1274,1275,1276,1277],"农产品质量安全","江西","农药兽药","专项整治",{"code":372,"slug":373,"name":374,"path":375,"parent_code":332},[1280],{"code":104,"slug":105,"name":106,"path":107,"parent_code":72},{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":1282},{"candidates":1283,"agricultural_evidence":601},[1284,1289,1293],{"code":372,"score":524,"supported":601,"title":1285,"abstract":1287,"tags":1288},[1286],"兽药",[1286],[],{"code":104,"score":524,"supported":601,"title":1290,"abstract":1291,"tags":1292},[604],[604],[],{"code":465,"score":400,"supported":601,"title":1294,"abstract":1295,"tags":1297},[],[1296],"农产品质量",[1274],[1299,1300],"江西 农药兽药 综合整治","七部门 农药兽药 监管","江西农药兽药综合整治-5417","2026-10-21T00:09:54.583934Z",{"id":1304,"title":1305,"url":1306,"summary":1307,"summary_zh":11,"content":1308,"source_name":1267,"source_url":11,"published_at":578,"category":1224,"cover_url":11,"hotness":447,"is_selected":601,"score":1309,"score_detail":1310,"sources":1312,"tags":1317,"primary_topic":1320,"secondary_topics":1321,"classification":1322,"search_phrases":1337,"slug":1340,"view_count":455,"doi":11,"paper":11,"created_at":1341},5405,"农业农村部部署「十五五」时期深入实施种业振兴行动","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.moa.gov.cn\u002Fxw\u002Fzwdt\u002F202610\u002Ft20261020_6488769.htm","10月19日农业农村部在广州召开深入实施种业振兴行动推进会，副部长潘文博出席并讲话，明确「十五五」是种业振兴「十年实现重大突破」的攻坚阶段。会议部署四个「再加力」：种质资源保护利用、有组织体系化攻关（推动人工智能赋能育种创新、以「一品一策」培育突破性品种）、种业基地现代化建设、品种全链条管理（知识产权保护、打击假冒侵权）。最高法、发改委、公安部、财政部、海关总署及各省市农业农村部门、科研院校企业参会。对种业数字化意味着育种AI、种质资源数字化和智慧种业基地建设将进入新一轮政策加码期。","本网讯　10月19日，农业农村部在广东省广州市召开深入实施种业振兴行动推进会，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于种业工作的重要指示精神，分析形势任务，交流思路举措，部署推进“十五五”种业振兴重点工作。农业农村部党组成员、副部长潘文博出席会议并讲话。\n\n会议指出，实施种业振兴行动是党中央作出的重大部署，习近平总书记多次作出重要指示。“十四五”各地各方面上下协同、合力推进种业振兴行动初见成效，“十五五”时期是种业振兴“十年实现重大突破”的攻坚阶段，要把思想和行动进一步统一到习近平总书记重要指示精神和党中央决策部署上来，切实增强责任感紧迫感，以更大力度、更实举措深入实施种业振兴行动，加快实现种业科技自立自强、种源自主可控，为保障国家粮食安全、加快建设农业强国提供有力支撑。\n\n会议强调，要聚焦种业“十五五”目标任务，在种质资源保护利用上再加力，加快鉴定改良和共享利用，提升资源保护整体效能。要在有组织体系化攻关上再加力，“一品一策”强优势补短板，推动人工智能赋能育种创新，加快培育一批突破性品种，打造具有国际竞争力的种业科技领军企业。要在种业基地现代化建设上再加力，建强国家种业基地，加强先进技术装备应用，全面提高种源供给质量。要在品种全链条管理上再加力，强化优良品种大面积展示推广，加强知识产权保护，严厉打击假冒侵权违法行为，营造种业振兴良好环境。各地各单位要强化责任担当，立足实际科学谋划种业发展任务和项目工程，强化协同凝聚工作合力，奋力推动种业振兴取得突破性进展。\n\n最高人民法院、国家发展改革委、公安部、财政部、海关总署和各省（区、市）农业农村部门、相关科研院校、企业、协会代表参加会议。广东省农业农村厅、中国农科院、隆平高科等部门单位作交流发言。",90,{"impact":516,"substance":321,"depth":689,"authority":1158,"freshness":710,"relevant":455,"comment":1311},"农业农村部部署“十五五”种业振兴重点任务，属全国性政策部署，含人工智能赋能育种等实质举措，权威性与时效性俱佳，值得进入每日精选。",[1313,1314],{"name":1267,"url":1306},{"name":1315,"url":1316},"农业农村部网站 2026-10-21","http:\u002F\u002Fdyny.dongying.gov.cn\u002Fart\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F21\u002Fart_39177_10313828.html",[1318,694,695,744,1319],"农业人工智能","种业基地",{"code":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"path":83,"parent_code":72},[],{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":1323},{"candidates":1324,"agricultural_evidence":601},[1325,1329,1333],{"code":80,"score":689,"supported":601,"title":1326,"abstract":1327,"tags":1328},[712],[712,744],[694,744],{"code":88,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":1330,"abstract":1331,"tags":1332},[],[],[695],{"code":24,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":1334,"abstract":1335,"tags":1336},[],[],[1318],[1338,1339],"农业农村部 种业振兴 十五五","广州 种业振兴推进会","农业农村部种业振兴十五五-5405","2026-10-21T00:09:53.587657Z",{"id":1343,"title":1344,"url":1345,"summary":1346,"summary_zh":1347,"content":11,"source_name":1348,"source_url":1345,"published_at":1349,"category":579,"cover_url":11,"hotness":447,"is_selected":580,"score":377,"score_detail":1350,"sources":1352,"tags":1356,"primary_topic":1361,"secondary_topics":1362,"classification":1363,"search_phrases":1388,"slug":1391,"view_count":424,"doi":1392,"paper":1393,"created_at":1404},5398,"Correlation Analysis of Banana Leaf Colour and Texture Features with Chemically Determined Nutrient Concentrations","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5281\u002Fzenodo.23470857","Correlation Analysis of Banana Leaf Colour and Texture Features with Chemically Determined Nutrient Concentrations examines the relationship between measurable colour and texture characteristics of banana leaves and their chemically determined nutrient concentrations. The study uses digital image processing to extract leaf features, including RGB colour values, colour intensity, texture patterns, and related statistical parameters. These image-based measurements are compared with laboratory-based nutrient analysis to identify significant correlations between optical features and nutrient levels. The research aims to determine whether leaf colour and texture can serve as reliable indicators of plant nutritional status. This approach may support the development of non-destructive, cost-effective, and efficient techniques for monitoring banana plant health. The findings can contribute to precision agriculture, improved nutrient management, and the advancement of image-based methods for crop assessment and agricultural research.","香蕉叶片颜色和纹理特征与化学测定养分浓度的相关性分析探讨了香蕉叶片可测量的颜色和纹理特征与其化学测定养分浓度之间的关系。该研究利用数字图像处理提取叶片特征，包括RGB颜色值、颜色强度、纹理模式及相关统计参数。将这些基于图像的测量结果与实验室养分分析进行比较，以识别光学特征与养分水平之间的显著相关性。该研究旨在确定叶片颜色和纹理能否作为植物营养状况的可靠指标。该方法可能有助于开发无损、经济高效且高效的香蕉植株健康监测技术。研究结果可为精准农业、改进养分管理以及推进基于图像的作物评估和农业研究方法作出贡献。","International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research","2026-10-19T00:00:00Z",{"impact":173,"substance":689,"depth":739,"authority":400,"freshness":710,"relevant":455,"comment":1351},"该研究探索用叶片颜色与纹理图像无损判断香蕉营养状况，思路有价值，但期刊权威性低、样本规模未明，暂不宜进入每日精选。",[1353,1354],{"name":1348,"url":1345},{"name":1348,"url":1355},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.5281\u002Fzenodo.23471101",[910,1357,1358,1359,1360],"无损检测","图像识别","香蕉","营养诊断",{"code":96,"slug":97,"name":98,"path":99,"parent_code":72},[],{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":1364},{"candidates":1365,"agricultural_evidence":601},[1366,1370,1375,1380,1384],{"code":16,"score":794,"supported":601,"title":1367,"abstract":1368,"tags":1369},[],[951,964],[910],{"code":96,"score":600,"supported":601,"title":1371,"abstract":1372,"tags":1374},[],[1373],"养分管理",[],{"code":64,"score":600,"supported":601,"title":1376,"abstract":1377,"tags":1379},[],[1378],"研究方法",[],{"code":286,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":1381,"abstract":1382,"tags":1383},[],[],[1359],{"code":24,"score":455,"supported":580,"title":1385,"abstract":1386,"tags":1387},[],[],[1358],[1389,1390],"香蕉叶片 营养浓度 图像特征","图像识别 无损检测 智慧农业 营养诊断","香蕉叶片营养浓度图像特征-5398","10.5281\u002Fzenodo.23470857",{"doi":1392,"openalex_id":1394,"authors":1395,"venue":1348,"cited_by_count":424,"oa_url":1345,"card":1398,"direction":634,"ingested_from":1044},"W7222963764",[1396],{"name":1397,"orcid":11},"Anantjit Publication",{"tldr":1399,"method":1400,"finding":1401,"direction":1402,"opportunity":1403},"分析香蕉叶片颜色与纹理特征同化学测定养分浓度的相关性。","数字图像处理提取RGB、颜色强度与纹理参数，与实验室养分分析对比。","叶片光学特征与养分水平存在显著相关，可作营养状态指标。","农业遥感与作物表型","可扩展到多作物、多生育期及高光谱纹理融合的养分无损诊断模型构建。","2026-10-20T23:30:23.713550Z",{"id":1406,"title":1407,"url":1408,"summary":1409,"summary_zh":1410,"content":11,"source_name":1411,"source_url":1408,"published_at":1349,"category":579,"cover_url":11,"hotness":385,"is_selected":580,"score":1412,"score_detail":1413,"sources":1415,"tags":1417,"primary_topic":1421,"secondary_topics":1422,"classification":1423,"search_phrases":1440,"slug":1443,"view_count":424,"doi":1444,"paper":1445,"created_at":1463},5371,"Achieving sustainable nutrient self-sufficiency in Sweden: a long-term scenario assessment","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3389\u002Ffsufs.2026.1952306","Introduction Ensuring long-term food security while operating within planetary boundaries requires nutrient management strategies that reduce import dependency without shifting environmental burdens. This study develops and evaluates four contrasting normative scenarios for nutrient management in Sweden in 2045: industrial-scale domestic fertilizer production, industrial-scale nutrient recovery, decentralized “fork-to-backyard” nutrient cycling, and response diversity. Methods The scenarios were assessed using the Sustainability Assessment Framework for Scenarios (SAFS). The framework defines relevant contextual factors and applies a structured qualitative assessment across technological, environmental, and social\u002Fgovernance dimensions. Resource use and circularity were assessed within the environmental dimension, while self-sufficiency was treated as a shared scenario objective. An interrelation analysis and an ordinal scoring scale were used to identify and compare risks, opportunities, trade-offs, and uncertainties without ranking the scenarios. Results The assessment revealed persistent trade-offs that are relevant not only to Sweden but also to other high-input, import-dependent agri-food systems seeking greater nutrient self-sufficiency. Decentralized recycling showed the greatest potential to improve climate and eutrophication outcomes and strengthen democratic participation but involved high implementation and operational complexity, as well as demanding quality assurance requirements. Industrial recovery improved eutrophication performance and circularity while maintaining standardized fertilizer products, but depended on energy and process trade-offs and required substantial investments. Industrial production provided predictable products and perceived safety benefits but risked higher resource intensity and did not inherently reduce pressure on biogeochemical planetary boundaries. Response diversity increased resilience and reduced dependence on single supply pathways but could require greater resource use and coordination. Discussion The combined scenario and SAFS approach clarified key risks, opportunities, and uncertainties, including the influence of electricity mix, achievable nutrient-loss reductions, and contaminant control. The results demonstrate that no single pathway resolves all sustainability challenges and highlight the importance of considering technological, environmental, and governance dimensions simultaneously when designing nutrient self-sufficiency strategies. The approach can support decision-making in Sweden and other regions facing similar sustainability, governance, and supply-security challenges.","引言 在地球边界内确保长期粮食安全，需要既能减少进口依赖又不转移环境负担的养分管理策略。本研究针对瑞典2045年的养分管理，开发并评估了四种相互对照的规范性情景：工业化国内肥料生产、工业化养分回收、去中心化“从餐桌到后院”的养分循环，以及响应多样性。方法 采用情景可持续性评估框架（Sustainability Assessment Framework for Scenarios, SAFS）对这些情景进行评估。该框架界定了相关情境因素，并在技术、环境和社会\u002F治理维度上应用结构化的定性评估。资源利用和循环性在环境维度内评估，而自给自足则被视为各情景的共同目标。采用相互关系分析和序数评分量表来识别和比较风险、机遇、权衡与不确定性，而不对情景进行排序。结果 评估揭示了持续存在的权衡，这些权衡不仅与瑞典相关，也与其他寻求更高养分自给率的高投入、依赖进口的农食系统相关。去中心化回收在改善气候和富营养化结果以及加强民主参与方面显示出最大潜力，但实施和运营复杂性高，且质量保证要求苛刻。工业化回收改善了富营养化表现和循环性，同时维持了标准化肥料产品，但依赖能源和工艺权衡，并需要大量投资。工业化生产提供了可预测的产品和感知到的安全效益，但存在资源强度较高的风险，且并未从根本上减轻对生物地球化学地球边界的压力。响应多样性增强了韧性并减少了对单一供应路径的依赖，但可能需要更多的资源利用和协调。讨论 情景与SAFS相结合的方法阐明了关键风险、机遇和不确定性，包括电力结构的影响、可实现的养分损失削减以及污染物控制。结果表明，没有任何单一途径能够解决所有可持续性挑战，并凸显了在设计养分管理策略时同时考虑技术、环境和治理维度的重要性。","Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems",79,{"impact":361,"substance":321,"depth":361,"authority":739,"freshness":173,"relevant":455,"comment":1414},"该研究以瑞典为对象，系统比较四种养分自给路径的权衡，方法规范、结论对高投入进口依赖型农业体系有借鉴价值，但属境外情景研究，国内落地影响有限。",[1416],{"name":1411,"url":1408},[973,1418,1419,1373,1420],"可持续农业","循环农业","瑞典",{"code":96,"slug":97,"name":98,"path":99,"parent_code":72},[],{"status":657,"locked":580,"version":4,"method":596,"evidence":1424},{"candidates":1425,"agricultural_evidence":601},[1426,1432,1436],{"code":96,"score":385,"supported":601,"title":1427,"abstract":1428,"tags":1431},[],[1429,1373,1430],"肥料","fertilizer",[1373],{"code":263,"score":794,"supported":601,"title":1433,"abstract":1434,"tags":1435},[],[973,974],[973],{"code":192,"score":69,"supported":580,"title":1437,"abstract":1438,"tags":1439},[],[],[1418,1419],[1441,1442],"瑞典 养分自给 情景评估","Frontiers 可持续食物系统 养分循环","瑞典养分自给情景评估-5371","10.3389\u002Ffsufs.2026.1952306",{"doi":1444,"openalex_id":1446,"authors":1447,"venue":1411,"cited_by_count":424,"oa_url":1456,"card":1457,"direction":1461,"ingested_from":1044},"W7222945601",[1448,1450,1453],{"name":1449,"orcid":11},"Priscila de Morais Lima",{"name":1451,"orcid":1452},"Verena Germann","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-3867-0953",{"name":1454,"orcid":1455},"Jennifer Rae 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福建省农科院食用菌专家领回宁夏重点研发项目","https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002Ft20261015_7225465.htm","闽宁 1 号已开始在宁夏引黄灌区大面积推广,今年种植面积超过 4 万亩;两家本土企业以 66 万元价格联合竞得闽宁 1 号品种使用权,创造宁夏水稻品种转让价格纪录。福建省农业科学院食用菌专家林戎斌领回宁夏重点研发项目任务书,两省区科研人员在开展大型真菌本底资源调查时于宁夏六盘山发现罕见野生大球盖菇资源,经过分离、提纯、驯化、扩繁,实现产业化应用。福建省农科院与宁夏农林科学院联合选育的 10 余种色彩各异的特色观赏向日葵连片盛放。","![Image 1](https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002FW020261015348722982372.jpg)\n\n“闽宁1号”田间长势\n\n![Image 2](https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002FW020261015348723063618.jpg)\n\n闽宁联合培育的向日葵\n\n![Image 3](https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002FW020261015348723139558.jpg)\n\n“闽宁1号”育种团队\n\n![Image 4](https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002FW020261015348723198359.jpg)\n\n福建果树专家叶新福（右一）大力推进“南果北种”。\n\n![Image 5](https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002FW020261015348723277680.jpg)\n\n在六盘山发现的野生大球盖菇经驯化后在林下种植。\n\n![Image 6](https:\u002F\u002Ffujian.gov.cn\u002Fzwgk\u002Fztzl\u002Fsxzygwzxsgzx\u002Fzx\u002F202610\u002FW020261015348723354412.jpg)\n\n谢华安院士（左一）在观察“闽宁1号”长势。\n\n**核心提示**\n\n金秋时节，广袤的银川平原岁物丰成。\n\n鲜为人知的是，这片镶嵌在西北大漠戈壁间的“塞上江南”是中国北方古老的稻区之一。黄河之利，灌溉之便，气候之宜，成就了“朔方贡米”的千年美誉。今年的稻香，有别于从前，兼具山海韵味的水稻新品种“闽宁1号”备受瞩目。\n\n顾名思义，这是闽宁联合育种的结晶。作为两省区育种家十年磨一剑的成果，“闽宁1号”在高产、优质、广适的基础上，突破了过去宁夏本地优质粳稻品种稻瘟病抗性较差的产业痛点，目前已在宁夏引黄灌区大规模推广，今年种植面积超4万亩，现已丰收到手，颗粒归仓。\n\n种业协作，是闽宁协作的重要组成部分。从资源共享到人才交流，从材料创制到技术合作，从品种引进到联合育种……两省区共同培育出水稻、食用菌、果树、花卉等品种，正引领农业新质生产力新方向。“闽芯宁种”里，承载着山海情，托举着振兴梦。在闽宁协作30年的新起点上，记者从闽江之滨走进贺兰山下，共同探寻闽宁“芯”事。\n\n**山海携手**\n\n2017年的夏天，作为“福建院士专家宁夏行”活动的一员，中国科学院院士、福建省农业科学院研究员谢华安走进宁夏农林科学院。\n\n“这是我们近年来自主选育的优质粳稻品种‘宁粳43号’。”宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所研究员孙建昌带着谢华安来到试验田，边走边介绍宁夏水稻育种进展，“曾经三次蝉联全国优质稻品种食味品质鉴评金奖，现在已成为自治区主栽品种。”\n\n眼前的景象，让远道而来的福建专家大为惊喜。毕竟，提到宁夏，很多人脑海里浮现的是大漠戈壁，以为这里不产水稻，其实不然。\n\n万里黄河自中卫市南长滩入境，遇到贺兰山阻挡折而向北，绘就黄河“几”字弯左竖，千万年来冲积出广袤平坦的宁夏平原。所谓“天下黄河富宁夏”，依托巨型古老灌排渠系，黄河活水源源不断滋养着这片土地，造就了“塞上江南”。\n\n水稻便是宁夏引黄灌区的标志性作物。\n\n“宁夏稻区水质好，既可灌溉又能淤地肥田，土壤有机质含量高。同时，光照充足，昼夜温差大，抽穗灌浆期恰逢最佳光照条件，有利于稻谷干物质积累和转化。”孙建昌说，宁夏水稻栽培历史可以追溯到1400多年前。得天独厚的自然条件，赋予宁夏大米粒满、色洁、油润、味香等特点。\n\n讲完优势，孙建昌话锋一转，道出了宁夏水稻生产困境——稻瘟病频发。\n\n新中国成立后，宁夏水稻品种经历了七次更新换代，前期以引进东北、华北等气候相近区的品种为主。20世纪80年代后，以“宁粳”系列为代表的自主选育品种开始崭露头角，这些品种在宁夏气候条件下种植，鲜有病害发生，但稻瘟病是例外。\n\n作为一种真菌性病害，稻瘟病位列水稻三大病害之首，老百姓闻之色变，称之为“稻魔”。不同于南方稻区全生长周期都可能发病，宁夏稻瘟病集中在抽穗期，引发“穗颈瘟”，对水稻产量影响甚大。正因如此，稻瘟病成为宁夏水稻生产上的头号“杀手”。近年来，当地主栽品种出现了不同程度的抗性退化现象，在最严重的年份，穗颈瘟可引发部分田块减产50%以上。\n\n“能不能通过闽宁协作，选育出适合本地种植的抗病品种呢？”孙建昌向眼前这位水稻育种领域的著名专家提出了合作意向。\n\n这是基于优势互补的考量。一方面，宁夏品种虽然优势突出，但受遗传基础狭窄、现代分子育种储备有限等因素制约，导致抗病育种进展迟缓，本地品种难以走向全国市场。另一方面，福建在水稻抗稻瘟病育种研究方面领跑全国，谢华安团队在20世纪80年代育成的“汕优63”，助力全国杂交水稻产业摆脱稻瘟病阴霾，累计推广面积超10亿亩。\n\n孙建昌的想法，也引发了谢华安的浓厚兴趣。近年来，这位以籼稻研究见长的院士正拓展自己的全国视野，尤其关注北方粳稻品种抗性改良。\n\n彼时，谢华安所在的福建省农业科学院，正与黑龙江省农业科学院开展联合育种。和“宁粳”系列一样，黑龙江的经典品种也在稻瘟病面前败下阵来。在这样的背景下，两省水稻育种家走到了一起，致力于为老品种注入稻瘟病抗性新活力。\n\n在“东北粮仓”能做，在“塞上粮仓”一样可行。于是，闽宁两省区专家一拍即合：通过联合育种攻关，融合南北方优秀的基因，选育出既高产优质又抗病的突破性品种，直击产业痛点。一场跨越山海的种业协作，就此启程。\n\n**十年长跑**\n\n育种方向明确了，双方很快敲定了育种路线：通过南北种质融合、籼粳基因聚合，定向改良老品种的稻瘟病抗性。\n\n他们首先选定了底盘品种——“空育131”。该粳稻品种于20世纪90年代从国外引进黑龙江，具有高产、稳产、耐寒性好、抗倒伏能力强、出米率高等优势。高峰时，黑龙江年种植面积超千万亩，占全省水稻总面积1\u002F4以上。尽管受稻瘟病影响，“空育131”逐渐退出生产，但若加以改良，依然有望重振旗鼓。\n\n底盘品种有了，稻瘟病抗病基因从哪里来呢？谢华安团队早有储备。\n\n2010年的秋天，谢华安来到三明市沙县区夏茂镇的一处试验田，观察水稻长势。其中一处粳稻材料吸引了他的注意——茎秆粗壮、穗大、籽粒饱满、株叶形态漂亮。\n\n“粳稻在我们南方也能长这么好，这是什么品种？”谢华安的眼睛亮了。\n\n“这是院里研究生的试验材料。”随行的福建省农业科学院水稻研究所研究人员朱永生告诉谢华安，当时，该院从云南引进了高抗稻瘟病的粳稻品种“云引”，这是一个典型的云南粳稻品种。为了研究“云引”的稻瘟病抗性基因，团队将其与多个易染病的粳稻品种杂交。谢华安看到的正是“云引”与“空育131”的杂交后代。南北混血，使其表现出较强的杂种优势。\n\n听到这里，谢华安若有所思。随后，他提出了一个构想：把“云引”的稻瘟病抗性基因稳定地导入“空育131”之中。\n\n最常用的方法是杂交，从其后代中筛选出最出类拔萃的个体，再通过多代回交、自交固定性状。这个过程看起来不复杂，但对育种家来说，就像大海捞针一般。两个品种杂交，后代会出现不计其数的性状分离。哪一种才是我们真正需要的呢？这相当于将成千上万植株种到田里，一代接着一代观察其表现，在汰劣选优中不断缩小范围，直至锁定目标稻株。\n\n为了提高筛选效率，研究团队引入了分子标记辅助选择育种手段。在这方面，福建水稻育种团队积淀深厚，闽宁两省区早有合作。早在2013年，宁夏便派科技人员，前往福建省农业科学院水稻研究所学习分子标记辅助育种等现代育种技术。\n\n“所谓分子标记辅助育种，就是对我们需要的特定基因进行标记。”朱永生说，在备选育种材料还是秧苗甚至种子时，就可以在实验室内提取它们的DNA，检测是否携带抗病基因。\n\n就这样，来自“云引”的稻瘟病抗性基因被成功导入“空育131”之中。为了更契合市场所需，研究团队在此基础上，引入中国科学院院士李家洋团队育成的长粒型粳稻品种“中科804”，通过复合杂交，导入其携带的长粒基因，实现粒型由短变长。\n\n到了这一步，“闽宁1号”已初具雏形。可是，仅仅在福建试验还远远不够，在福建表现优异的育种材料被引至宁夏后很可能“水土不服”：生育期延长，未能及时抽穗灌浆即遭遇低温；耐寒性不足，影响产量和品质。\n\n于是，科研团队精心设计了一套“南北穿梭育种”方案：在病害多发的福建，偏重筛选抗病性强的材料；在宁夏，于大田实战中挑选“精兵强将”；在南繁基地海南，利用四季如春的气候优势，在冬季实现加代选择，加速育种进程。\n\n十年长跑，南北携手，三地接力，优质粳稻新品种“闽宁1号”终于从成千上万份材料中脱颖而出，并于2024年通过宁夏品种审定。有趣的是，过去宁夏本地审定的品种，多冠以“宁粳”“宁育”等前缀。“闽宁1号”则打破了传统命名规则，成为山海情深的又一注脚。\n\n**未来可期**\n\n“闽宁1号”诞生之初，便被寄予厚望。\n\n“该品种株型紧凑、茎秆粗壮、长势繁茂，分蘖力较强，穗长、粒多，抗病性强。”朱永生说，“闽宁1号”集优质、高产、抗病等优点于一身。在两年区域试验中，平均亩产达到788.8公斤，生产试验平均亩产729.84公斤，米质达到国标一级米标准。更令人惊喜的是，该品种表现出了较强的耐盐碱性，尤其适合宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地种植。\n\n种业企业纷纷抛来橄榄枝。2024年，宁夏农林科学院科技成果拍卖会上，“闽宁1号”成为热门标的。最终，两家本土企业以66万元的价格，联合竞得“闽宁1号”品种使用权，创造了宁夏水稻品种转让的价格纪录。与此同时，福建省农业科学院水稻研究所、宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所、宁夏杰农种业科技有限公司和福建省喜浪农业科技发展有限公司四方签约，围绕新品种选育、开发、推广和优质米品牌建设，开展全产业链合作。\n\n去年，“闽宁1号”开始在宁夏引黄灌区大面积推广，今年种植面积超过4万亩。作为“宁夏大米”家族的最新成员，“闽宁1号”现已进入长三角中端稻米市场，市场反响不俗。\n\n闽宁“芯”事，不止于此。\n\n“种业协作是闽宁协作的一张‘芯’名片。”福建省种子总站站长赵杰樑说，“过去30年，两省区种业合作从单向品种引进、技术帮扶起步，逐步拓展到种质资源、人才、技术、产业链、供应链的双向赋能和深度融合，成为闽宁协作迈向全方位、多层次、宽领域深度协作的生动缩影。”\n\n不久前，福建省农业科学院食用菌专家林戎斌领回了一份宁夏重点研发项目任务书。\n\n“以前是福建出项目、出资金，帮宁夏发展产业；现在是宁夏自己立项，福建和宁夏的科研院校一起承担。”林戎斌说，过去，国内大球盖菇品种以“洋种子”为主。几年前，两省区科研人员在开展大型真菌本底资源调查时，于宁夏六盘山发现罕见的野生大球盖菇资源。经过分离、提纯、驯化、扩繁，这朵野生菇不仅在闽宁两地实现了产业化应用，更扩充了中国食用菌种质资源库。如今，双方的合作继续向纵深推进，已从过去闽宁协作框架下食用菌产业“扶贫增收”“单一种植”，转向“自主创新”“全链价值挖掘”。\n\n今年夏天，银川市亲水街典农河沿岸，多彩向日葵争奇斗艳。由福建省农业科学院与宁夏农林科学院联合选育的10余种色彩各异的特色观赏向日葵连片盛放，除了传统的黄色外，还穿插着洁白、酒红、黑色、复色等稀有色系。\n\n“六盘山下播撒下的，何止是满目风景，更是扎根黄土的产业希望；一朵跨越山海的鲜花，绽放的不只是烂漫芳华，更是闽宁同心守望的拳拳深情。”过去8年间，来自福建的花卉专家吴建设，带去向日葵、蜀葵、蝴蝶兰、文心兰等福建特色花卉品种，足迹遍布宁夏的山山峁峁，种出一片片新风景，催生一幕幕“花田喜事”。\n\n福建果树专家叶新福则以品种为突破口，探索“南果北种”。如今，“福红”李、“蜜语”百香果等来自福建的果树品种，早已在宁夏落地生根。它们不仅克服了水土不服，更依托当地光照充足、热量充沛、昼夜温差大等气候优势，孕育出了新的滋味。\n\n对于闽宁水稻种业合作，两地育种家也有新的期待。\n\n朱永生计划继续做好“闽宁1号”品种背后的文章，深度解析其抗稻瘟病与耐盐碱的分子机理，为品种的高产高效栽培提供依据，也为后续精准育种与定向改良提供科学支撑；孙建昌则建议，两省区共建水稻育种合作平台，打通种质资源、技术、人才共享通道，持续挖掘南北融合育种潜力，联合选育出面向全国市场的大品种。（记者 张辉 通讯员 胡海明 文\u002F图）","福建省人民政府门户网站(福建日报) 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