Study identifies four barriers to AI and blockchain adoption in African horticulture

A framework paper published in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems identifies four barriers to AI and blockchain adoption among African smallholder farmers. The researchers reviewed studies from 2005 to 2025, examining data reliability, decision support, data ownership, and economic incentives.

The study finds that blockchain can secure agricultural records but cannot verify the accuracy of information entered by sensors or farm workers. Incorrect data can subsequently affect AI-generated recommendations.

Another challenge is converting digital information into practical decisions. Limited internet access, mobile connectivity, and digital skills restrict adoption. The researchers recommend offline functionality, local-language interfaces, and farmer participation in system design.

Data ownership presents further concerns. Information on crop yields, soil conditions, pest outbreaks, and market transactions has commercial value, but farmers may have limited control over its use.

The researchers also identify economic incentives as a barrier. Farmers may face technology and connectivity costs without receiving corresponding benefits through lower input costs, reduced post-harvest losses, or improved market access.

The proposed framework combines AI analysis, blockchain verification, decision support, and data governance, with provisions for farmer participation, accountability, and measurable economic benefits.